Author:  Keso Gigitashvili Editor:  Dr Seb Bytyci This report examines how the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine has been tested, contested, and politically manipulated in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian War. It analyses Russia’s misuse of R2P rhetoric to legitimise aggression, Ukraine’s attempts to uphold the doctrine’s core principles under conditions of war, and the broader limitations of international protection mechanisms when confronted by geopolitical paral